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The technique used to secure the platinum/rhodium nozzles to the 690 housing appeared to be adequate with only minor oxidation of the 690 threads and glass in-leakage. Although the deposits were extensive, they more » were porous and did not have an adverse effect on the operation of the pump. Spinel deposits, which completely covered the air passage on one side, were found at the inlet of each platinum/rhodium (Pt/Rh) nozzle. Metallurgically the Inconel 690 (690) portions of the pump were in excellent condition with no visual evidence of degradation even in high flow regions, i.e., air/melt interface and glass discharge regions. Slurry feeding also did not reveal any problems with cold cap stability. It provided sufficient flow to pump molten glass without excessive foaming. The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) air lift pump was successfully tested at Clemson for 72 days of operation. Additional lift is generated by the high energy products of combustion of the variable cycle engine which are further energized in an afterburner and exhausted through a thrust vectorable nozzle at the rear of the engine. In more » this mode, substantially all of the bypass flow is routed as an auxiliary airstream to the remote augmenter where it is mixed with fuel, burned and exhausted through a vectorable nozzle to produce thrust for lifting. During powered lift flight, the variable cycle engine is operated in the single bypass mode with the oversized fan at its maximum pumping capability. The fan is oversized in air-pumping capability with respect to the cruise flight requirements of the remainder of the engine and a variable area, low pressure turbine is capable of supplying varying amounts of rotational energy to the oversized fan, thereby modulating its speed and pumping capability. « lessĪ propulsion system for use primarily in V/STOL aircraft is provided with a variable cycle, double bypass gas turbofan engine and a remote augmenter to produce auxiliary lift.
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Cuttings removal is more efficient in the small slant hole than in the large vertical hole. The discharge horn is shaped to enable the discharge velocity of the drilling fluid passing through the discharge horn to be constant over the entire length thereof. The diffusion ring is utilized to inject outside air into the drilling fluid passing therethrough. The plenum includes a tapered transition pipe, a a tapered discharge horn, and an air diffusion ring located at the throat of the discharge horn.
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A plenum is located in more » the slant hole to assist in the lifting of the drilling fluid. The drilling fluid carrying the cuttings then moves down the pilot hole an up through the slant hole. During the drilling operation, the circulation system pumps drilling fluid down the annulus of the borehole to cool the cutterhead and to mix with the cuttings.
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The system is applicable in drilling operations where a vertical pilot hole is drilled below the point to which the borehole will later by enlarged and a slant hole is drilled obliquely to intersect the pilot hole near its nether position. An air lift system for large-diameter borehole drilling is described.